Tsarin Muhalli na Aikin Gona

Tsarin Muhalli na Aikin Gona
environmental effects (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	environmental effects (en)
Facet of (en)	noma da canjin yanayi

Tasirin muhalli na,

Aikin gona shine tasirin da ayyukan noma daban-daban ke da shi a kan yanayin muhallin da ke kewaye da su, da kuma yadda za a iya gano irin wannan tasirin zuwa ga waɗancan ayyukan.^[1] Tasirin muhalli na noma ya bambanta sosai bisa la'akari da ayyukan da manoma ke yi da kuma ma'aunin aiki. Makoma waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin rage tasirin muhalli ta hanyar gyara ayyukansu za su ɗauki ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa. Mummunan tasirin noma wani tsohon al'amari ne wanda ya cigaba da damuwa yayin da masana ke tsara sabbin hanyoyin da za su rage lalacewa da haɓaka muhalli.^[2] Ko da yake wasu makiyaya suna da kyau ga muhalli, ayyukan noman dabbobi na zamani sun kasance sun fi lalata muhalli fiye da ayyukan noma da aka mayar da hankali kan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari da sauran halittu. Fitar da gubatarciyyar iska daga sharar shanu na cigaba da haifar da damuwa kan gurɓacewar muhalli.

A lokacin da ake tantance tasirin muhalli, masana suna amfani da alamomi iri biyu: “manufa”, wanda ya dogara da hanyoyin noma, da “tasirin ”, wanda shine tasirin da hanyoyin noma ke da shi ga tsarin noma ko kuma fitar da hayaki. yanayi. Misali na ma'anar zai zama ingancin ruwan ƙasa, wanda adadin nitrogen da ake amfani da shi ya shafi ƙasa. Alamar da ke nuna asarar nitrate zuwa ruwan karkashin kasa zai dogara ne akan tasiri.^[3] Ƙididdigar da aka dogara da ita tana duba ayyukan noma na manoma, kuma kimantawar da ta dogara da tasiri ta yi la'akari da ainihin tasirin tsarin noma. Misali, bincike mai tushe zai iya duba magungunan kashe qwari da hanyoyin haɗi da manoma ke amfani da su, kuma binciken da ya dogara da tasiri zai yi la'akari da adadin Iskar da ake Shaka da kuma fitarwa ko menene abun ciki na nitrogen na ƙasa.^[4]

Tasirin muhalli na aikin gona ya ƙunshi tasiri akan abubuwa daban-daban: ƙasa, zuwa ruwa, iska, nau'in dabba da ƙasa, mutane, shuke-shuke, da abinci da kansa. Noma yana ba da gudummawa ga yawancin al'amuran muhalli da ke haifar da lalacewar muhalli ciki har da: sauyin yanayi, sare gandun daji, asarar ɗimbin halittu, yankunan da suka mutu, injiniyan kwayoyin halitta, matsalolin ban ruwa, gurɓataccen ƙasa, lalata ƙasa, da sharar gida.^[4] nep.org/resources/making-peace-nature</ref> ^{[5] [6]} Saboda muhimmancin aikin noma ga tsarin zamantakewa da muhalli na duniya, al'ummomin duniya sun himmatu wajen haɓaka ɗorewar samar da abinci a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaba mai dorewa na 2: "Ƙarshen yunwa, cimma wadatar abinci da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da inganta aikin noma mai ɗorewa" ^[7] Rahoton na Shirin Samar da Zaman Lafiya tare da yanayi na 2021, na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana aikin noma a matsayin direba da masana'antu da ke fuskantar barazana daga lalata muhalli.^[8][9]

1. ↑ Frouz, Jan; Frouzová, Jaroslava (2022). "Applied Ecology" (in Turanci). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
2. ↑ Gołaś, Marlena; Sulewski, Piotr; Wąs, Adam; Kłoczko-Gajewska, Anna; Pogodzińska, Kinga (October 2020). "On the Way to Sustainable Agriculture—Eco-Efficiency of Polish Commercial Farms". Agriculture (in Turanci). 10 (10): 438. doi:10.3390/agriculture10100438.
3. ↑ Naujokienė, Vilma; Bagdonienė, Indrė; Bleizgys, Rolandas; Rubežius, Mantas (April 2021). "A Biotreatment Effect on Dynamics of Cattle Manure Composition and Reduction of Ammonia Emissions from Agriculture". Agriculture (in Turanci). 11 (4): 303. doi:10.3390/agriculture11040303.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} van der Warf, Hayo; Petit, Jean (December 2002). "Evaluation of the environmental impact of agriculture at the farm level: a comparison and analysis of 12 indicator- methods". Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 93 (1–3): 131–145. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00354-1.
5. ↑ Garnett, T.; Appleby, M. C.; Balmford, A.; Bateman, I. J.; Benton, T. G.; Bloomer, P.; Burlingame, B.; Dawkins, M.; Dolan, L.; Fraser, D.; Herrero, M.; Hoffmann, Irene; Smith, P.; Thornton, P. K.; Toulmin, C.; Vermeulen, S. J.; Godfray, H. C. J. (2013-07-04). "Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture: Premises and Policies". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 341 (6141): 33–34. Bibcode:2013Sci...341...33G. doi:10.1126/science.1234485. hdl:10871/19385. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23828927. S2CID 206547513.
6. ↑ Tilman, David; Balzer, Christian; Hill, Jason; Befort, Belinda L. (2011-12-13). "Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 108 (50): 20260–20264. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116437108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3250154. PMID 22106295.
7. ↑ United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1)
8. ↑ United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1)
9. ↑ United Nations Environment Programme (2021). Making Peace with Nature: A scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature